Clarke Labs | Breast Cancer Research | Georgetown
Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center
Department of Oncology
Georgetown University
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Dr. Robert Clarke's Publications
(See also Publications from Leena Hilakivi-Clarke's Laboratory)
  1. Xuan, J., Wang, Y., Hoffman, E., Clarke, R., “Cross phenotype normalization of microarray data.” Front Biosci, in press, 2009.
  2. Chen, L. Xuan, J., Riggins, R.B., Wang, Y. Hoffman, E.P., Riggins, R.B., Clarke, R., “Identification of condition-specific regulatory modules through multi-level motif and mRNA expression analysis,” Int J Comp Biology Drug Design, in press, 2009. InderScience
  3. Clarke, R., Shajahan, A.N., Riggins, R.B., Cho, Y., Crawford, A., Xuan, J., Wang, Y., Zwart, A., Nehra, R. & Liu, M.C. “Gene network signaling in hormone responsiveness modifies apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells.” J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 114: 8-20, 2009. PubMed
  4. Zhang, B., Li, H., Riggins, R.B., Zhan, M., Xuan, J., Zhang, Z., Hoffman, E.P., Clarke, R., Wang, Y., “Differential dependency network analysis to identify condition-specific topological changes in biological networks” Bioinformatics, 25: 526-532, 2009. PubMed
  5. Chen, L., Xuan, J., Wang, C., Shih, L.-M., Wang, T.-L., Zhang, Z., Clarke, R., Hoffman, E.P. & Wang, Y., “Biomarker identification by knowledge driven multilevel ICA and motif analysis.” Int J Data Mining Bioinformatics, 3: 363-379, 2009. IEEE
  6. Olivo, S., Zhu, Y., Lee, R.Y., Cabanes, A., Khan, G., Zwart, A., Wang, Y, Clarke, R., Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., “Identification of gene signaling pathways mediating the opposite effects of prepubertal low and high fat n-3 PUFA diets on breast cancer risk.” Cancer Prev Res, 1: 522-531, 2008. PubMed
  7. Chen, L., Xuan, J., Wang, C., Shih, L-M., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Hoffman, E.P., Clarke, R., “Knowledge-guided multi-scale independent component analysis for biomarker identification.” BMC Bioinformatics, 9:416 (16 pages as published on-line), 2008. PubMed
  8. Zhu, Y., Li, H., Miller, D., Wang, Z., Xuan, J., Clarke, R., Hoffman, E.P. & Wang, Y., “caBIG VISDA: modeling, visualization and discovery for cluster analysis of genomic data.” BMC Bioinformatics, 9: 383 (18 pages as published on-line), 2008. PubMed
  9. Chen, L., Xuan, J., Wang, Y., Riggins, R.B., Clarke, R. “Network-constrained support vector machine for classification.” 7th Intl Conf Machine Learning Applications (IMCLA), 60-65, 2008. IEEE
  10. Deb, T.B., Ramlijak, D., Dickson, R.B., Johnson, M.D. & Clarke, R. “Signaling pathways in the normal and neoplastic breast.” In: “Handbook of Cell Signaling.” Eds: Thompson, B.E.; Elsevier, Inc. New York, NY; in press.
  11. Zhang, Y., Xuan, J., de los Reyes, B.G., Clarke, R. & Ressom, H.W. ”Network motif-based identification of transcription factor-target gene relationships by integrating multi-source biological data.” BMC Bioinformatics, 9:203 (18 pages as published on-line), 2008. PubMed
  12. Wang, C., Xuan, J., Chen, L., Zhao, P., Wang, Y., Clarke, R., Eric Hoffman, E. “Integrative network component analysis for regulatory network reconstruction.” Proc. 4th Intl Symp Bioinformatics Res Applications (ISBRA), in press, 2008. SpringerLink
  13. Shajahan, A.N., Riggins, R.B. & Clarke, R. “Apoptosis, cell death and breast cancer” Chapter 8. In: “Breast cancer: prognosis, treatment, and prevention.” Eds: Pasqualini, J.R., Informa Healthcare; New York, NY; pp137-156, 2008.
  14. Wang, Y., Miller, D.J. & Clarke, R. “Approaches to working in high dimensional data spaces: gene expression microarrays.” Br J Cancer, 98: 1023-1028, 2008. PubMed
  15. Zhu, Y., Wang, Z., Miller, D.J., Clarke, R., Xuan, J., Hoffman, E.P. & Wang, Y. “A ground truth based comparative study on clustering of gene expression data.” Front Biosci, 13: 3839-3849, 2008. PubMed
  16. Riggins, R.B., Lan, P.-J., Klimach, U., Zwart, A., Cavalli, L.R., Haddad, B.R, Chen, L., Xuan, J., Ethier, S.P. & Clarke, R. “ERRγ mediates Tamoxifen resistance in a novel model of invasive lobular breast carcinoma.” Cancer Res, 68: 8908-8917, 2008. PubMed
  17. Clarke, R., Ressom, H., Wang, A., Xuan, J., Liu, M.C., Gehan, E. & Wang, Y. “The properties of high-dimensional data spaces: implications for exploring gene and protein expression data.” Nature Rev Cancer, 8: 37-49, 2008. PubMed
  18. Wang, C., Chen, L., Zhao, P., Hoffman, E., Clarke, R., Wang, Y. & Xuan, J. “Motif-directed component analysis for regulatory network inference.” BMC Bioinformatics, 9: S21 (9 pages as published on-line), 2008. PubMed
  19. Ressom, H.W., Varghese, R.S., Zhang, Z., Xuan, J. & Clarke, R. “Classification algorithms for phenotype prediction in genomics and proteomics.” Front Biosci, 13: 691-708, 2008. PubMed
  20. Gomez, B.P. Riggins, R.B., Shajahan A., Klimach, U., Zhu, Y., Zwart, A., Wang, M., Wang, A. & Clarke, R. “Human X-box binding protein-1 confers both estrogen-independence and antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer.” FASEB J, 21:4013-27, 2007. PubMed
  21. Naughton, C., Kuske, B., MacLeod, K., Clarke, R. Cameron, D.A. & Langdon, S.P. “Progressive loss of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) cofactor recruitment in endocrine resistance.” Mol Endocrinol, 21:2615-26, 2007. PubMed
  22. Gong, T., Xuan, J., Wang, C., Li, H., Hoffman, E., Clarke, R. & Wang, Y. “Gene module identification from microarray data using nonnegative independent component analysis.” Gene Regulat Sys Biol, 1: 349-363, 2007. Gene Regulat Sys Biol
  23. Xuan, J., Wang, Y., Dong, Y., Feng, Y., Wang, B., Khan, J., Bakay, M., Wang, Z., Pachman, L., Winokur, S., Chen, Y.-W., Clarke, R., & Hoffman E. “Gene selection for multiclass prediction by weighted Fisher criterion.” EURASIP J Bioinformat System Biol, 2007: Article ID 64628, 15 pages, 2007. PubMed
  24. Xuan, J., Wang, Y., Clarke, R. & Hoffman, E., “An iterative nonlinear regression method for microarray data normalization,” Open Appl Informatics J, 1: 11-19, 2007.
  25. Wang, J., Li, H., Zhu, Y., Yousef, M., Mebozhyn, M., Showe, N., Xuan, J., Clarke, R. & Wang, Y. “VISDA: an open-source caBIGTManalytical tool for data clustering and beyond.” Bioinformatics, 23: 2024-2027, 2007. PubMed
  26. Bouker, K.B., Skaar, T.C., Harburger, D.S., Riggins, R.B., Fernandez, D.R., Zwart, A. & Clarke, R. “The A4396G polymorphism in interferon regulatory factor-1 is frequently expressed in breast cancer.” Cancer Genet Cytogenet, 175: 61-4, 2007. PubMed
  27. Shajahan, A., Wang, A., Decker, M., Minshall, R.D., Liu, M.C. & Clarke, R. “Caveolin-1 tyrosine phosphorylation (Y14) enhances paclitaxel-mediated cytotoxicity.” J Biol Chem, 282: 5934-5943, 2007. PubMed
  28. Trock, B.J., Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A. & Clarke, R. “Meta-analysis of soy intake and breast cancer risk.” J Natl Cancer Inst, 98: 459-471, 2006. PubMed
  29. Wang, L.H., Yang, X.Y., Zhang, X., An, P., Kim, H.-J., Huang, J., Clarke, R., Osborne, C.K., Inman, J.K., Appella, E. & Farrar, W.L. “Disruption of estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain and related intramolecular communication restores tamoxifen sensitivity in resistant breast cancer.” Cancer Cell, 10: 487-499, 2006. PubMed
  30. Ressom, H.W., Zhang, Y., Xuan, J., Wang, Y. & Clarke, R. "Inferring network interactions using recurrent neural networks and swarm intelligence," Proc 28th IEEE EMBS Intl Conf, pp. 4241-4244, 2006. PubMed
  31. Kuske, B., Naughton, C., Moore, K., MacLeod, K.G., Miller, W.R., Clarke, R. Langdon, S.P. & Cameron, D.A. “Endocrine therapy resistance can be associated with high estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression and reduced ERα phosphorylation in breast cancer models.” Endocr Related Cancer, 13: 1121-1133, 2006. PubMed
  32. Feng, Y., Wang, Z., Zhu, Y., Xuan, J., Miller, D., Clarke, R., Hoffman, E.P. & Wang, Y. “Learning the tree of phenotypes using genomic data and VISDA.” 6th IEEE Symp Bioinf Bioeng (BIBE´06), 165-170, 2006. ACM
  33. Gong, T., Xuan, J., Zhu, J., Li, H., Clarke, R., Hoffman, E. & Wang, Y. “Composite gene module discovery using non-negative independent component analysis.” IEEE/NLM Life Sci Sys Apps Workshop, 1-3, 2006. PubMed
  34. Ressom, H.W., Zhang, Y., Xuan, J., Wang, Y. & Clarke, R. “Inference of gene regulatory networks from time course gene expression data using neural networks and swarm intelligence.” IEEE Symp Compl Intel Bioinf Comput Biol, 435-442, 2006. IEEE
  35. Zhu, Y., Wang, A., Liu, M.C., Zwart, A., Lee, R.Y., Gallagher, A., Wang, Y., Miller, W.R., Dixon, J.M. & Clarke, R.“Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) positive breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines share similarities in their transcriptome data structures.” Int J Oncol, 29: 1581-1589, 2006. PubMed
  36. Riggins, R.B., Thomas, K.S., Ta, H.Q., Donelan, S.S., Owen, K.A., Gibson, M.A., Shupnik, M.A., Silva, C.M., Parsons, S.J., Clarke, R. & Bouton A.H. “Physical and functional interactions between Cas and c-Src induce tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer cells through pathways involving EGFR and STAT5b.” Cancer Res, 66: 7007-7015, 2006. PubMed
  37. Trock, B.J., Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A. & Clarke, R. “Meta-analysis of soy intake and breast cancer risk.”, J Natl Cancer Inst 98: 459-471, 2006. PubMed
  38. Wong, L.-J.C., Dai, P., Lu, J.-F., Lou, M.A., Clarke, R. & Nazarov, N. “AIB1 gene amplification and the instability of polyQ encoding sequence in breast cancer cell lines.”, BMC Cancer 6: 111-132, 2006. PubMed
  39. Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Xuan, J., Dong, Y., Bakay, M., Khan, J., Clarke, R. & Hoffman, E.P. “Optimized multilayer perceptrons for molecular classification and diagnosis using genomic data.”, Bioinformatics 22: 755-761, 2006. PubMed
  40. Xuan, J., Wang, Y., Clarke, R. & Hoffman, E.P. “Normalization of microarray data by iterative nonlinear regression.”, Fifth IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp. 267-270, 2005. IEEE
  41. Riggins, R.B., Bouton, A.H., Liu, M.C. & Clarke, R. “Antiestrogens, aromatase inhibitors, and apoptosis in breast cancer.”, Vit Horm 71: 202-237, 2005. PubMed
  42. Bouker, K.B., Skaar, T.C., Hamburger, D.S., Riggins, R.B., Fernandez, D.R., Zwart, A., Wang, A. & Clarke, R. “Tumor suppressor activities of interferon regulatory factor-1 in human breast cancer associated with caspase activation and induction of apoptosis.”, Carcinogenesis 26: 1527-1535, 2005. PubMed
  43. Clarke, R., Leonessa, F. & Trock, B. “Multidrug resistance/P-glycoprotein and breast cancer: review and meta-analysis.”, Semin Oncol, 32 (suppl 7): 9-15, 2005. PubMed
  44. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Olivo, S.E., Shajahan, A., Khan, G., Zhu, Y., Zwart, A., Cho, E. & Clarke, R. “Mechanisms mediating the effects of prepubertal (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid diets on breast cancer risk in rats.”, J Nutr, 135 (suppl 12): 2946-2952, 2005. PubMed
  45. Ressom, H., Xuan, J., Wang, Y. & Clarke, R. “Classification of microarray data using machine learning methods.”, Trans Integrated Biomed Informatics Enabling Tech, 2: , 2005.
  46. Espinoza, L.A., Li, P., Lee, R., Wang, Y., Clarke, R. & Smulson, M.E. “Evaluation of gene expression profiles of keratinocytes in response to JP-8 jet fuel.”, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 200:93-102, 2004. PubMed
  47. Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Khan, J. & Clarke, R. “Gene selection in class space for molecular classification of cancer.”, Science in China Series F-Information Sciences 47: 301-314, 2004. SpringerLink
  48. Han, F., Miksicek, R., Clarke, R. & Conrad, S.E. “Expression of an estrogen receptor variant lacking exon 3 in derivatives of MCF-7 cells with acquired estrogen independence or Tamoxifen resistance.”, J Mol Endocrinol 32: 935-945, 2004.PubMed
  49. Bouker, K.B., Skaar, T.C., Fernandez, D.R., O’Brien, K.A., Riggins, R.B., Honghua, C. & Clarke, R. “Interferon regulatory factor-1 mediates the proapoptotic but not cell cycle arrest effects of the steroidal antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (Faslodex, Fulvestrant).”, Cancer Res, 64:4030-4039, 2004. PubMed
  50. Xuan, J., Dong, Y., Khan, J., Hoffman, E., Clarke, R. & Wang, Y. “Robust feature selection by weighted Fisher criterion for multiclass prediction in gene expression profiling.”, Proc Intl Conf Pattern Recon (17th International Conference) 2: 291-294, 2004. IEEE
  51. Thompson, E.W., Waltham, M., Ramus, S.J., Hutchins, A.-M., Armes, J.E., Campbell, I.G., Williams, E.D., Thompson, P.R., Rae, J.M., Johnson, M.D. & Clarke, R. “LCC15-MB cells are MDA-MB-435: A review of misidentified breast and prostate cell lines.”, Clin Exp Metastasis 21: 535-541, 2004. PubMed
  52. Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Xuan, J., Zhang, J., Hoffman, E.P., Clarke, R. & Khan, J. “Optimizing multilayer perceptrons by discriminatory component analysis.”, Proc IEEE Workshops Machine Learn Signal Process, Sao Luis, Brazil, pp. 273-282, 2004. IEEE
  53. Rae, J.M., Ramus, S.J., Waltham, M., Armes, J.E., Campbell, I.G., Clarke, R., Brandt, R., Johnson, M.D. & Thompson, E.W. “Common origins of MDA-MB-435 cells from various sources with those shown to have melanoma properties.”, Clin Exp Metastasis 21: 543-552, 2004. PubMed
  54. Leonessa, F. & Clarke, R. “ATP binding cassette transporters and drug resistance in breast cancer .”, Endocr Related Cancer, 10: 43-73, 2003. Endocr Related Cancer
  55. Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Xuan, J., Khan, J. & Clarke, R. “Partially-independent component analysis for tissue heterogeneity correction in gene expression analysis.”, Proc IEEE Neural Netw Signal Processing, 279-288, 2003. IEEE
  56. Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Lu, J., Kung, S.-Y., Zhang, J., Lee, R., Xuan, J., Khan, J. & Clarke, R. “Discriminatory mining of gene expression microarray data.”, J VLSI Signal Process Sys 35: 255-272, 2003. ACM
  57. Clarke, R., Liu, M.C., Bouker, K.B., Gu, Z., Lee, R.Y., Zhu, Y., Skaar, T.C., Gomez, B., O'Brien, K., Wang, Y. & Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A. “Antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer and the role of estrogen receptor signaling.”, Oncogene 22: 7316-7339, 2003. PubMed
  58. Pratt, M.A.C., Bishop, T.E., White, D., Yasvinski, G., Ménard, M., Niu, M.Y. & Clarke, R. “Estrogen withdrawal-induced NF-κB and Bcl-3 expression in breast cancer cells: roles in growth and hormone independence.”, Mol Cell Biol 23: 6887-6900, 2003. PubMed
  59. Johnson, M., Kenney, N., Hilakivi-Clarke, L., Singh, S., Chepko, G., Newbold, R., Clarke, R., Sholler, P.F., Lirio, A.A., Foss, C., Trock, B., Paik, S., Stoica, A. & Martin, M.B. “Cadmium mimics the effects of estrogen in vivo in the uterus and mammary gland.”, Nature Med 9: 1081-1084, 2003. PubMed
  60. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Cabanes, A., Olivo, S., Kerr, L., Bouker, K.B. & Clarke, R. “Do estrogens always increase breast cancer risk?”, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 80: 163-174, 2002. PubMed
  61. Poola, I., Clarke, R., Dewitty, R. & Lafalle, L.D. “Functionally active estrogen receptor isoforms in the breast tumors of African American women are different from the profiles in breast tumors of Caucasian women.”, Cancer 94: 615-623, 2002. PubMed
  62. Leonessa, F., Kim, J.-H., Ghiorghis, A., Kulawiec, R., Hammer, C., Talebian, A. & Clarke, R. “C-7 Analogs of progesterone as potent inhibitors of the P-Glycoprotein efflux pump.”, J Med Chem 45: 390-398, 2002. PubMed
  63. Wang, Y., Lu, J., Lee, R. & Clarke, R. “Iterative normalization of cDNA microarray data.”, IEEE Trans Inf Techol Biomed 6: 29-37, 2002. PubMed
  64. Clarke, R. & Dickson, R.B. “Animal models of endocrine responsive and unresponsive breast cancers.”, In: “Endocrine Management of Breast Cancer”, Eds: Robertson, J.F.R., Nicholson, R.I. & Hayes, D.F., Martin Dunitz, Ltd, London, U.K., 191-208, 2002.
  65. Gu, Z., Lee, Y.R., Skaar, T.C., Bouker, K.B., Welch, J.N., Lu, J., Liu, A., Davis, N., Wang, Y. & Clarke, R. “Association of interferon regulatory factor-1, nucleophosmin, nuclear factor-κB and cAMP response element binding with acquired resistance to Faslodex (ICI 182,780).”, Cancer Res 62: 1155-1166, 2002. Cancer Res
  66. Liu, A., Zhang, Y., Gehan, E. & Clarke, R. “Block principal components analysis with application to gene microarray data classification.”, Stat Med 21: 3465-3474, 2002. PubMed
  67. Ellis, M., Davis, N., Coop, A., Liu, M., Schumaker, L., Lee, R.Y., Srikanchana, R., Russell, C., Singh, B., Miller, W.R., Stearns, V., Pennanen, M., Tsangaris, T., Gallagher, A., Liu, A., Zwart, A., Hayes, D.F., Lippman, M.E., Wang, Y. & Clarke, R. “Development and validation of a method for using breast core needle biopsies for gene expression microarray analyses.”, Clin Cancer Res 8: 1155-1166, 2002. PubMed
  68. Welch, J.N. & Clarke, R. “ErbB-2 expression and drug resistance in cancer.”, Signal, 3: 4-9, 2002.
  69. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Cho, E., Cabanes, A., DeAssis, S., Olivo, S., Helferich, W., Lippman, M.E. & Clarke, R. “Modulation of pregnancy estrogen levels by maternal dietary exposure to genistein or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and breast cancer risk among female offspring.”, Clin Cancer Res 8: 3601-3610, 2002.
  70. Clarke, R. “Human breast cancer xenografts as models of the human disease.”, In: “Tumor Models in Cancer Research”, Ed: Teicher, B.A., Humana Press, Inc., New Jersey, pp 453-470, 2002.
  71. Lu, L., Leonessa, F., Clarke, R. & Wainer, I.W. “Competitive and allosteric interactions in ligand binding to P-glycoprotein as observed on an immobilized P-glycoprotein liquid chromatographic stationary phase.”, Mol Pharmacol 59: 62-68, 2001. PubMed
  72. Clarke, R. “Novel Molecular Targets and Drugs.”, IDrugs, 4: 504-506, 2001. BioMed
  73. Clarke, R. “Human tumors in animal hosts.”, In: “Cancer Handbook”, Nature Publishing Group Reference Ltd., London, U.K., pp 913-922, 2001.
  74. Clarke, R., Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A. & Trock, B. “Breast cancer: dietary and environmental oestrogens.”, Biologist, 48: 21-26, 2001. Biologist
  75. James, M.R., Skaar, T.C., Lee, R.Y., MacPherson, A., Zwiebel, J.A., Ahluwalia, B.S., Ampy, F. & Clarke, R. “Constitutive expression of the steroid sulfatase gene in estrogen-dependent MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.”, Endocrinology 142: 1497-1505, 2001. PubMed
  76. Clarke, R., Leonessa, F., Welch, J.N. & Skaar, T.C. “Cellular and molecular pharmacology of antiestrogen action and resistance.”, Pharmacol Rev 53: 25-72, 2001.PubMed
  77. Clarke, R., Skaar, T.C., Bouker, K.B., Davis, N., Lee, Y.R., Welch, J.N. & Leonessa, F. “Molecular and pharmacological aspects of antiestrogen resistance.”, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 76: 71-84, 2001. PubMed
  78. Lu, L., Leonessa, F., Baynham, M.T., Clarke, R., Gimenez, F., Pham, Y.-T., Roux, F. & Wainer, I.W. “The enantioselective binding of mefloquine enantiomers to P-glycoprotein determined using an immobilized P-glycoprotein liquid chromatographic stationary phase.”, Pharmaceut Res 18: 1327-1330, 2001. PubMed
  79. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Cho, E., Assis, S., Olivo, S., Ealley, E., Bouker, K.B., Welch, J.N., Khan, G., Clarke, R. & Cabanes, A. “Maternal and prepubertal diet, mammary development and breast cancer risk.”, J Nutr 131: 154-157, 2001. PubMed
  80. Lu, J., Wang, Y., Xuan, J., Kung, S.Y., Gu, Z. & Clarke, R. “Discriminative mining of gene microarray data.”, Proc IEEE Neural Net Signal Process 11: 218-227, 2001. IEEE
  81. Zhang, Y., Leonessa, F., Clarke, R. & Wainer, I.W. “Development of an immobilization of P-glycoprotein stationary phase for on-line liquid chromatographic determination of drug binding affinities.”, J Chromatogr B 739: 33-37, 2000. J Chromatogr B
  82. Poola, I., Chatra, S., Koduri, S. & Clarke, R. “Identification of twenty alternatively spliced estrogen receptor alpha mRNAs in breast cancer cell lines and tumors using splice targeted primer approach.”, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 72: 249-258, 2000. PubMed
  83. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Cho, E., Onojafe, I. & Clarke, R. “Maternal exposure to tamoxifen during pregnancy increases mammary tumorigenesis among female offspring.”, Clin Cancer Res 6: 305-308, 2000. PubMed
  84. Clarke, R. & Johnson, M.D. “Chapter 22: Animal models.”, In: “Diseases of the Breast” 2nd Edition. Eds: Harris, J.R., Lippman, M.E., Morrow, M., Hellman, S. Publisher: J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp 319-333, 2000.
  85. Clarke, R. “Sex steroids in the mammary gland.”, J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 5: 245-250, 2000. PubMed
  86. Clarke, R. “Meeting report: 10th Annual American Institute for Cancer Research Conference - The Role of Nutrition in Preventing and treating Breast and Prostate Cancer.”, CD Current Drugs: ID Weekly Highlights, Sept., 21-24, 2000. PubMed
  87. Clarke, R., Leonessa, F., Brünner, N. & Thompson, E.W. “Chapter 23: In vitro models.”, In: “Diseases of the Breast” 2nd Edition. Eds: Harris, J.R., Lippman, M.E., Morrow, M., Hellman, S. Publisher: J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp 335-354, 2000.
  88. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Trock, B. & Clarke, R. “The estrogenicity of selected nutrients, phytochemicals, pesticides and pollutants: their potential roles in breast cancer.”, In: “Breast Cancer, Molecular Genetics, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Series: Contemporary Cancer Research.” Ed: Bowcock, A. Publisher: Humana Press, Clifton, pp 537-568, 1999.
  89. Gopalakrishna, R., Gundimeda, U., Fontana, J.A. & Clarke, R. “Differential distribution and nuclear association of protein phosphatase 2A in human breast carcinoma cell lines and its relation to estrogen receptor status and tumor progression.”, Cancer Lett 136: 119-128, 1999. Cancer Lett
  90. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Cho, E., Onojafe, I., Raygada, M. & Clarke, R. “Maternal exposure to genistein during pregnancy increases mammary tumorigenesis in female rat offspring.”, Oncol Rep 6: 1089-1095, 1999. PubMed
  91. Lavigne, M.C., Ramwell, P.W. & Clarke, R. “Growth regulation and ultrastructural characterization of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells.”, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 35: 136-143, 1999.
  92. Plouzek, C.A., Morris, D.W., Clarke, R. & Yeh, G.C. “Rosemary: a new P-glycoprotein reversal agent of chemotherapeutic drugs in drug-resistant human breast cancer cells.”, Eur J Cancer 35: 1541-1545, 1999. PubMed
  93. Clarke, R., Skaar, T., El-Ashry, D., Leonessa, F. & Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A. “Use of ERE and reporter gene constructs to assess putative estrogenic activity.”, J Med Food 2: 127-133, 1999. PubMed
  94. Arteaga, C.L., Koli, K.M., Dugger, T.C. & Clarke, R. “Reversal of tamoxifen resistance of human breast carcinomas in vivo with neutralizing anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-β antibodies.”, J Natl Cancer Inst, 91: 46-53, 1999. PubMed
  95. Lavigne, M.C., Ramwell, P.W. & Clarke, R. “The effects of estrogens and antiestrogens on the growth of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells.”, Steroids 64: 472-480, 1999. PubMed
  96. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Onojafe, I., Raygada, M., Cho, E., Skaar, T. & Clarke, R. “Prepubertal exposure to zearalenone or genistein reduces mammary tumorigenesis.”, Br J Cancer 80: 1682-1688, 1999. PubMed
  97. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Clarke, R. & Lippman, M.E. “The influence of maternal diet on breast cancer risk among female offspring”, Nutrition 15: 392-401, 1999. PubMed
  98. Thompson, E.W., Sung, V., Lavigne, M., Baumann, K., Azumi, N., Aaron, A.D. & Clarke, R. “LCC15-MB: a vimentin-positive human breast cancer cell line from a femoral bone metastasis.”, Clin Exptl Metastasis, 17: 193-204, 1999. SpringerLink
  99. Sung, V., Gilles, C., Murray, A., Clarke, R., Aaron, A.D., Azumi, N. & Thompson, E.W. “The LCC15-MB human breast cancer cell line expresses osteopontin and exhibits an invasive and metastatic phenotype”, Exptl Cell Res 241: 273-284, 1998. PubMed
  100. Brankin, B., Skaar, T.C., Trock, B., Berris, M. & Clarke, R. “Autoantibodies to the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin in breast cancer patients”, Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 7: 1109-1115, 1998. PubMed
  101. Skaar, T.C., Prasad, S.C., Sharareh, S., Brünner, N., Lippman, M.E. & Clarke, R. “Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses identify nucleophosmin as an estrogen regulated protein associated with acquired estrogen-independence in human breast cancer cells.”, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 67: 391-402, 1998. PubMed
  102. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Cho, E. & Clarke, R. “Maternal genistein exposure mimics the effects of estrogen on mammary gland development in female mouse offspring”, Oncol Rep 5: 609-616, 1998. PubMed
  103. Clarke, R. “Antiestrogen resistance”, Breast Cancer On-Line, http://www.bco.org, 1998.
  104. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A. & Clarke, R. “Timing of dietary fat exposure and mammary tumorigenesis: role of estrogen receptor and protein kinase C activity”, Mol Cell Biochem, 188: 5-12, 1998. PubMed
  105. Brünner, N., Boysen, B., Jirus, S., Skaar, T.C., Holst-Hansen, C., Lippman, J., Frandsen, T., Spang-Thomsen, M., Fuqua, S.A.W. & Clarke, R. “MCF7/LCC9: an antiestrogen resistant MCF-7 variant where acquired resistance to the steroidal antiestrogen ICI 182,780 confers an early crossresistance to the non-steroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen.”, Cancer Res 57: 3486-3493, 1997. PubMed
  106. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Clarke, R., Onojafe, I., Raygada, M., Cho, E. & Lippman, M.E. “A high-fat diet during pregnancy increases mammary epithelial density and breast cancer risk among female rat offspring.”, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 9372-9377, 1997. PubMed
  107. Trock, B., Leonessa, F. & Clarke, R. “Multidrug resistance in breast cancer: a meta-analysis of MDR1/gp170 expression and its possible functional significance.”, J Natl Cancer Inst 89: 917-931, 1997. PubMed
  108. Clarke, R. & Dickson, R.B. “Animal models of tumor onset, growth and metastasis.”, In: “Encyclopedia of Cancer: Volume I” Ed: Bertino, J.R. Publisher: Academic Press, San Diego, pp 10-21, 1997.
  109. Clarke, R. “Issues in experimental design and endpoint analysis in the study of experimental cytotoxic agents in vivo in breast cancer and other models.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 46: 255-278, 1997. PubMed
  110. Clarke, R. “Animal models of breast cancer: experimental design and their use in nutrition and psychosocial research.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 46: 117-133, 1997. PubMed
  111. Clarke, R., Leonessa, F. & Trock, B. “The role of MDR1/gp170 in human breast cancer (a meta analysis of published studies).”, In: “Era of Hope: The Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program. Volume III” pp 865-866, 1997.
  112. Jørgensen, L., Brünner, N., Spang-Thomsen, M., Clarke, R., Dombernowsky, P. & Svenstrup, B. “A comparative study of steroid metabolism in the hormone dependent MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line and its two hormone resistant subpopulations MCF7/LCC1 and MCF7/LCC2.”, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 63: 275-281, 1997. PubMed
  113. Clarke, R. & Brünner, N. “Acquired estrogen independence and antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer: estrogen receptor driven phenotypes?”, Trends Endocrinol Metab 7: 25-35, 1996. PubMed
  114. Clarke, R. & Lippman, M.E. “Mechanisms of resistance to antiestrogens and their implications for crossresistance.”, In: “Tamoxifen: Beyond the Antiestrogen.” Ed: Kellen, J.A. Publisher: Birkhäuser, Boston, pp 231-266, 1996.
  115. Clarke, R., Skaar, T., Leonessa, F., Brankin, B., James, M., Brünner, N. & Lippman, M.E. “The acquisition of an antiestrogen resistant phenotype in breast cancer: the role of cellular and molecular mechanisms.”, Cancer Treat Res 87: 263-283, 1996. PubMed
  116. Clarke, R., Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Cho, E., James, M.R. & Leonessa, F. “Estrogens, phytoestrogens and breast cancer.”, Adv Exp Med Biol 401: 63-85, 1996. PubMed
  117. Clarke, R. “Animal models of breast cancer: their diversity and role in biomedical research.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 39: 1-6, 1996. PubMed
  118. Clarke, R. “Animal models of breast cancer.”, In: “Diseases of the Breast.” Eds: Harris, J.R., Lippman, M.E., Morrow, M., Hellman, S. Publisher: J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp 235-244, 1996.
  119. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Raygada, M., Cho, E., Clarke, R. & Lippman, M. “Breast cancer risk in rats fed a diet high in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy.”, J Natl Cancer Inst 88: 121-127, 1996. PubMed
  120. Leonessa, F., Green, D., Licht, T., Wright, A., Wingate-Legette, K., Lippman, J., Gottesman, M.M. & Clarke, R. “MDA435/LCC6 and MDA435/LCC6MDR1: ascites models of human breast cancer.”, Br J Cancer 73:154-161, 1996. PubMed
  121. Bei, M., Lavigne, M.C., Foegh, M.L., Ramwell, P. & Clarke, R. “Specific binding of oestradiol to rat coronary artery heart smooth muscle cells.”, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 58: 83-88, 1996. PubMed
  122. Clarke, R. “Human breast cancer cell line xenografts as models of breast cancer - The immunobiologies of recipient mice and the characteristics of several tumorigenic cell lines.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 39: 69-86, 1996. PubMed
  123. Clarke, R., Leonessa, F., Brünner, N. & Thompson, E.W. “In vitro models of breast cancer.”, In: “Diseases of the Breast.” Eds: Harris, J.R., Lippman, M.E., Morrow, M., Hellman, S. Publisher: J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp 245-261, 1996.
  124. Clarke, R. & Brünner, N. “Cross–resistance and molecular mechanisms in antiestrogen resistance.”, Endocr Related Cancer 2: 59-72, 1995. Endocr Related Cancer
  125. Ruiz-Cabello, J., Berghmans, K., Kaplan, O., Lippman, M.E., Clarke, R. & Cohen, J.S. “Hormone dependence of breast cancer cells and the effects of tamoxifen and estrogen: 31P NMR studies.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 33: 209-217, 1995. PubMed
  126. Dickson, R.B. & Clarke, R. “Breast Cancer: new biological approaches to treatment.”, In: “Molecular Endocrinology of Cancer.” Ed: Waxman, J. Publisher: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: pp 271-303, 1995.
  127. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Cho, E., Raygada, M., Clarke, R. & Lippman, M.E. “Early life affects the risk to develop breast cancer.”, Ann NY Acad Sci 768: 327-330, 1995. PubMed
  128. Brünner, N., Johnson, M.D., Holst-Hansen, J.F., Kiilgaard, J.F., Thompson, E.W. & Clarke, R. “Acquisition of estrogen independence and antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer: association with the invasive and metastatic phenotype.”, Endocr Related Cancer 2: 27-36, 1995. Endocr Related Cancer
  129. Kristensen, C.A., Kristjansen, P.E.G., Brünner, N., Clarke, R., Spang-Thomsen, M. & Quistorff, B. “Effect of estrogen withdrawal and prediction of estrogen dependence monitored by in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of four human breast cancer xenografts.”, Cancer Res 55: 1664-1669, 1995. PubMed
  130. Zyad, A., Bernard, J., Clarke, R., Tursz, T., Brockhaus, M. & Chouaib, S. “Human breast cancer cross-resistance to TNF and adriamycin: relationship to MDR1, MnSOD and TNF gene expression.”, Cancer Res 54: 825-831, 1994. PubMed
  131. Leonessa, F., Jacobson, M., Boyle, B., Lippman, J., McGarvey, M. & Clarke, R. “The effect of tamoxifen on the multidrug resistant phenotype in human breast cancer cells: isobologram, drug accumulation, and gp-170 binding studies.”, Cancer Res 54: 441-447, 1994. PubMed
  132. Clarke, R. & Leonessa, F. “Cytotoxic drugs and hormones in breast cancer: interactions at the cellular level.”, In: “Drug and Hormonal Resistance in Breast Cancer” Eds: Lippman, M.E. and Dickson, R.B. Publisher: Ellis Horwood, Inc. New York, pp 407-432, 1994.
  133. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Clarke, R. & Lippman, M.E. “Perinatal factors increase breast cancer risk.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 31: 273-284, 1994. PubMed
  134. Coopman, P., Garcia, M., Brünner, N., Derocq, D., Clarke, R. & Rochefort, H. “Antiproliferative and antiestrogenic effects of ICI 164,384 in 4-OH-Tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cells.”, Int J Cancer 56: 295-300, 1994. PubMed
  135. Clarke, R., Skaar, T., Baumann, K., Leonessa, F., James, M.R., Lippman, J., Thompson, E.W., Freter, C. & Brünner, N. “Hormonal carcinogenesis in breast cancer: cellular and molecular studies of malignant progression.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 31: 237-248, 1994. PubMed
  136. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Rowland, J., Clarke, R. & Lippman, M.E. “Psychosocial factors in the development and progression of breast cancer.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 29: 141-160, 1993. PubMed
  137. Brünner, N., Boulay, V., Fojo, A., Freter, C., Lippman, M.E. & Clarke, R. “Acquisition of hormone-independence in MCF-7 cells is accompanied by increased expression of estrogen regulated genes but without DNA amplifications.”, Cancer Res 53: 283-290, 1993. PubMed
  138. Brünner, N., Frandsen, T.O., Holst-Hansen, C., Bei, M., Thompson, E.W., Wakeling, A.E., Lippman, M.E. & Clarke, R. “MCF7/LCC2: A 4-hydroxytamoxifen resistant human breast cancer variant which retains sensitivity to the steroidal antiestrogen ICI 182,780.”, Cancer Res 53: 3229-3232, 1993. PubMed
  139. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Arora, P.K., Clarke, R., Wright, A. & Dickson, R.B. “Opposite behavioral alterations in male and female transgenic TGFα mice: association with tumorigenesis.”, Br J Cancer 67: 1026-1030, 1993. PubMed
  140. Clarke, R., Thompson, E.W., Leonessa, F., Lippman, J., McGarvey, M. & Brünner, N. “Hormone resistance, invasiveness and metastatic potential in human breast cancer.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 24: 227-239, 1993. PubMed
  141. Clarke, R. & Lippman, M.E. “The acquisition of antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer”, In: “Drug Resistance in Oncology.” Eds: Teicher, B.A. Publisher: Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp 501-536, 1993.
  142. Thompson, E.W., Brünner, N., Torri, J., Boulay, V., Wright, A., Lippman, M.E., Steeg, P.S. & Clarke, R. “The invasive and metastatic properties of hormone-independent but hormone-responsive variants of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.”, Clin Exptl Metastasis 11: 15-26, 1993. PubMed
  143. Hilakivi-Clarke, L.A., Arora, P., Sabol, M.-B., Clarke, R., Dickson, R.B. & Lippman, M.E. “Alterations in behavior, steroid hormones and natural killer cell activity in male transgenic TGFα-mice.”, Brain Res 588: 97-103, 1992. PubMed
  144. Ghiorghis, A., Talebian, A. & Clarke, R. “In vitro antineoplastic activity of N7-substituted mitomycin C analogues against human breast cancer cell lines.”, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 29: 290-296, 1992. PubMed
  145. Clarke, R., Lippman, M.E. & Dickson, R.B. “Hormonal aspects of breast cancer: growth factors, drugs and stromal interactions.”, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 12: 1-23, 1992. PubMed
  146. Leonessa, F., Boulay, V., Wright, A., Thompson, E.W., Brünner, N. & Clarke, R. “The biology of breast tumor progression: acquisition of hormone-independence and resistance to cytotoxic drugs.”, Acta Oncol 31: 115-123, 1992. PubMed
  147. Farhat, M., Abi-Younes, S., Vargas, R., Wolfe, R.M., Clarke, R. & Ramwell, P.W. “Vascular non-genomic effects of estrogen.”, In: “Sex Steroids and the Cardiovascular System”. Eds: Ramwell, P.W., Rubanyi, G. & Schillinger, E. Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 145-159, 1992.
  148. Thompson, E.W., Paik, S., Brünner, N., Sommers, C.L., Clarke, R., Zugmaier, G., Shima, T.B., Torri, J., Donahue, S., Lippman, M.E. & Dickson, R.B. “Association of increased basement membrane-invasiveness with the absence of estrogen receptor and expression of vimentin in human breast cancer cell lines.”, J Cell Physiol 150: 534-544, 1992. PubMed
  149. Brünner, N., Moser, C., Clarke, R. & Cullen, K. “IGF-I and IGF-II expression in human breast cancer xenografts: relationship to hormone-independence.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 22: 39-45, 1992. PubMed
  150. Clarke, R., Currier, S., Kaplan, O., Boulay, V., Gottesman, M. & Dickson, R.B. “Effect of P-glycoprotein expression on sensitivity to hormones in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.”, J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 1506-1512, 1992. PubMed
  151. Lehtola, L., Partanen, J., Sistonen, L., Korhonen, J., Warri, A., Clarke, R. & Alitalo, K. “Analysis of tyrosine kinase mRNAs including three FGF receptor-like genes from the MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells.”, Int J Cancer 50: 598-603, 1992. PubMed
  152. Yano, T., Pinski, J., Szepeshazi, K., Korkut, E., Groot, K., Clarke, R., Comaru-Schally, A.M. & Schally, A.V. “Growth inhibition of human breast carcinoma (MCF-7 MIII) in athymic nude mice with sustained delivery systems of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75 and agonist D-Trp6-LH-RH.”, Breast Cancer Res Treat 21: 35-45, 1992. PubMed
  153. Kaplan, O., Jaroszewski, J.W., Clarke, R., Fairchild, C.R., Schoenlein, P., Goldenberg, S., Gottesman, M.M. & Cohen, J. “The multi-drug resistance phenotype: 31P NMR characterization and 2-deoxyglucose toxicity.”, Cancer Res 51: 1638-1644, 1991. PubMed
  154. Clarke, R., Dickson, R.B. & Lippman, M.E. “The role of steroid hormones and growth factors in the control of normal and malignant breast.”, In: “Structure and Function of Nuclear Hormone Receptors” Ed: Parker, M.G. Publisher: Academic Press Ltd., pp297-319, 1991.
  155. Clarke, R. & Dickson, R.B. “The interactions among steroid hormones, steroid hormone receptors, antiestrogens, biological response modifiers and cytotoxic drugs in human breast cancer.”, BMS Cancer Symposia 13: 223-253, 1991.
  156. Clarke, R., Dickson, R.B. & Brünner, N. “The process of malignant progression in human breast cancer.”, Ann Oncol 1: 401-407, 1990. PubMed
  157. Clarke, R., Lippman, M.E. & Dickson, R.B. “Mechanism of hormone and cytotoxic drug interactions in the development and treatment of breast cancer.”, Prog Clin Biol Res 322: 243-278, 1990. PubMed
  158. Clarke, R., van den Berg, H.W. & Murphy, R.F. “Tamoxifen and 17β-estradiol reduce the membrane fluidity of human breast cancer cells.”, J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 1702-1705, 1990. PubMed
  159. Brünner, N., Clarke, R., Lippman, M.E. & Dickson, R.B. “Models for studying the progression from hormone-dependence to independency in human breast cancer.”, In: “Growth Regulation of Cancer II” Eds: Lippman, M.E. & Dickson, R.B. Publisher: Alan R. Liss Inc., pp 115-126, 1990.
  160. Clarke, R., Brünner, N., Thompson, E.W., Glanz, P., Katz, D., Dickson, R.B. & Lippman, M.E. “The inter-relationships between ovarian-independent growth, antioestrogen resistance and invasiveness in the malignant progression of human breast cancer.”, J Endocrinol 122: 331-340, 1989. PubMed
  161. Clarke, R., Brünner, N., Katz, D., Glanz, P., Dickson, R.B., Lippman, M.E. & Kern, F. “The effects of a constitutive production of TGF-alpha on the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.”, Mol Endocrinol 3: 372-380, 1989. PubMed
  162. Clarke, R., Brünner, N., Katzenellenbogen, B.S., Thompson, E.W., Norman, M.J., Koppi, C., Paik, S., Lippman, M.E. & Dickson, R.B. “Progression from hormone dependent to hormone independent growth in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.”, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 3649-3653, 1989. PubMed
  163. Clarke, R. & van den Berg, H.W. “Adverse interactions between cytotoxic drugs and hormonal agents in human breast cancer cells.”, J Clin Oncol 7: 1580-1582, 1989. PubMed
  164. Cullen, K.J., Yee, D., Bates, S.E., Brünner, N., Clarke, R., Dickson, R.B., Huff, K.K., Paik, S., Rosen, N., Valverius, E., Zugmaier, G. & Lippman, M.E. “Regulation of human breast cancer by secreted growth factors.”, Acta Oncol 28: 835-839, 1989. PubMed
  165. Brünner, N., Zugmaier, G., Bano, M., Ennis, B.W., Clarke, R., Cullen, K.J., Kern, F.G., Dickson, R.B. & Lippman, M.E. “Role of secreted polypeptides in growth regulation of breast cancer.”, Cancer Cells 1: 81-86, 1989.
  166. Brünner, N., Poulsen, H.S., Clarke, R. & Spang-Thomsen, M. “Effect of oophorectomy (Ovax) on estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PGR) concentration in an ovarian dependent and an ovarian independent ER and PGR positive human breast cancer grown in nude mice.”, In: “Immune-Deficient Animals in Experimental Medicine” Eds: Wu, B. & Zheng, J. Publisher: Karger, pp 196-201, 1989.
  167. Clarke, R., Lippman, M., Dickson, R.B. & Brünner, N. “In vivo\in vitro selection of hormone independent cells from the hormone dependent MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.”, In: “Immune-Deficient Animals in Experimental Medicine” Eds: Wu, B. & Zheng, J. Publisher: Karger, pp 190-195, 1989.
  168. Thompson, E.W., Martin, M.B., Saceda, M., Clarke, R., Brünner, N., Lippman, M.E. & Dickson, R.B. “Regulation of breast cancer cells by hormones and growth factors: effects on proliferation and basement membrane invasiveness.”, Hormone Res 32 (suppl 1): 242-249, 1989. PubMed
  169. Dickson, R.B., Bates, S.E., Valverius, E., Knabbe, C., Salomon, D., Huff, K.K., Bronzert, D., Walker-Jones, D., Freter, C., Favoni, R., Yee, D., Zugmaier, G., Ennis, B., Clarke, R., Kern, F., Rosen, N. & Lippman, M.E. “Estrogen and antiestrogen regulation of mitogenic growth factors in human breast cancer cells.”, Prog Cancer Res Ther 35: 217-222, 1988.
  170. Han, K.-H., Niu, C.-H., Lokeshwar, V., Clarke, R., Katz, D. & Ferretti, J.A. “Conformational and receptor binding properties of human EGF and TGF-alpha second loop fragments.”, J Mol Recognition 1: 116-123, 1988. PubMed
  171. Cremin, M., Clarke, R., Nelson, J. & Murphy, R.F. “The response of human breast cancer cells to glucagon.”, Biochem Soc Trans 15: 241-242, 1987.
  172. van den Berg, H.W., Leahey, W.J., Lynch, M., Clarke, R. & Nelson, J. “Recombinant human interferon alpha increases oestrogen receptor expression in human breast cancer cells (ZR-75-1) and sensitises them to the anti-proliferative effects of Tamoxifen.”, Br J Cancer 55: 255-257, 1987. PubMed
  173. Nelson, J., Clarke, R. & Murphy, R.F. “The unoccupied estrogen receptor: some comments on localization.”, Steroids 48: 121-124, 1987. PubMed
  174. Clarke, R., van den Berg, H.W. & Murphy, R.F. “The ability of oestrogen to modulate the effects of cytotoxic drugs in human breast cancer cells; influence of oestrogen receptor (ER) status and choice of drug.”, Biochem Soc Trans 15: 242-243, 1987.
  175. Nelson, J., Clarke, R., McFerran, N.V. & Murphy, R.F. “Morpho-functional effects of phenol red on oestrogen sensitive human breast cancer cells.”, Biochem Soc Trans 15: 244-245, 1987.
  176. Cremin, M., Clarke, R., Nelson, J. & Murphy, R.F. “The response of human breast cancer cells to glucagon.”, Biochem Soc Trans 15: 241-242, 1987.
  177. Clarke, R., Morwood, J., van den Berg, H.W., Nelson, J. & Murphy, R.F. “Influence of vincristine on the oestrogen binding capacity of two human breast cancer cell lines in vitro.”, Biochem Soc Trans 14: 449-450, 1986.
  178. Kennedy, D.G., van den Berg, H.W., Clarke, R. & Murphy, R.F. “Enhancement of the sensitivity of MDA-MB-436 human breast cancer cell line to methotrexate by dipyridamole.”, Biochem Pharmacol 35: 3053-3056, 1986. PubMed
  179. Nelson, J., Clarke, R., Dickson, G.R., van den Berg, H.W. & Murphy, R.F. “The effects of Mg++ ions on nuclear integrity and apparent subcellular distribution of unoccupied oestrogen receptor in breast cancer cells.”, J Steroid Biochem 25: 619-626, 1986. PubMed
  180. Clarke, R., Morwood, J., van den Berg, H.W., Nelson, J. & Murphy, R.F. “The effect of cytotoxic drugs on estrogen receptor expression and response to Tamoxifen in MCF-7 cells.”, Cancer Res 46: 6116-6119, 1986. PubMed
  181. Nelson, J., Clarke, R., Dickson, G.R., van den Berg, H.W. & Murphy, R.F. “The effects of Mg++ or EDTA on the subcellular distribution of unoccupied estrogen receptor in ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 cells.”, Biochem Soc Trans 14: 447, 1986. PubMed
  182. Kennedy, D.G., van den Berg, H.W., Clarke, R. & Murphy, R.F. “The effect of the rate of cell proliferation on the synthesis of methotrexate poly-γ-glutamates in two human breast cancer cell lines.”, Biochem Pharmacol 34: 3087-3090, 1985. PubMed
  183. Kennedy, D.G., van den Berg, H.W., Clarke, R. & Murphy, R.F. “The effect of leucovorin on the synthesis of methotrexate poly-γ-glutamates in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.”, Biochem Pharmacol 34: 2897-2903, 1985. PubMed
  184. Clarke, R., van den Berg, H.W., Kennedy, D.G. & Murphy, R.F. “Oestrogen receptor status and the response of human breast cancer cells to a combination of methotrexate and 17β-oestradiol.”, Br J Cancer 51: 365-369, 1985. PubMed
  185. Kennedy, D.G., Clarke, R., van den Berg, H.W. & Murphy, R.F. “The kinetics of methotrexate polyglutamate formation and efflux in a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-436): the effect of insulin.”, Biochem Pharmacol 32: 41-46, 1983. PubMed
  186. Clarke, R., van den Berg, H.W., Kennedy, D.G. & Murphy, R.F. “Reduction of the antimetabolic and antiproliferative effects of methotrexate by 17β-oestradiol in a human breast carcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-436).”, Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 19: 19-24, 1983. PubMed
  187. van den Berg, H.W., Clarke, R. & Murphy, R.F. “Failure of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate to destroy the reproductive integrity of a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) growing in vitro.”, Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 17: 1275-1281, 1981. PubMed
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